This finger gesture has a long history, dating back to ancient Greece. Even back then, it was reportedly used as a serious curse expressing contempt and insult.

In modern times, it's sometimes used as a symbol of countercultures like punk rock, expressing defiance against authority. However, it's still considered the most direct and strong curse in most cultures, so its meaning is recognized almost universally as negative. That's why it's one of the emojis that requires the most caution when used.